(circa 1410-circa 1471)
Born in Cusco, Peru
Ninth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco (1438-71)
Name means 'reformer of the world'
Also known as Pachacutec
Birth name was Cusi Yupanqui
Full name was Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
Wrote the poetry collection 'Sacred Hymns of the Situa'
Widely credited for the construction of Machu Picchu

His death year is sometimes listed as 1472.
He had his two brothers, Capac Yupanqui and Huayana Yupanqui, killed after the military campaign against the province of Chinchay-Suyu.
He even killed his sons Tilca Yupanqui and Auqui Yupanqui.
He displaced hundreds of thousands of people in resettlement programs to populate the most remote edges of his empire.
How his reign ended is unclear; some sources said that he abdicated in favor of his younger son Tupac while others said he died of an illness while still Sapa Inca.
His funeral involved sacrificing children as well as three thousand llamas.
He didn't improve the Inca succession system, so future Inca rulers following his son had to wrestle control through civil war or intimidation.

He was credited with turning his kingdom into the mighty Inca Empire.
His military campaign against the Chancas was so successful that he won the favor of his father, who initially had sent him away to work in the fields rather than participate in battles.
He devised an administrative system that ensured neither misery and unemployment among his subjects.
He treated his subjects humanely in general, even allowing conquered people to retain their respective cultures rather than destroy them.
He turned Cusco into a city fit for the capital of an empire, where nobles would learn about Inca administrative methods they would apply back to their home regions.
He ordered the construction of irrigation channels, terraced farms, granaries, roads, and hospices throughout his empire.

Credit: Big Lenny

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